構音異常 V.S. 音韻異常(articulation v.s.phonology disorder)
* articulation errors
—relatively consistent errors, with preserved phonemic contrasts (e.g., /l/ and /r/ are consistently distorted, but clearly different from one another; Bauman-Waengler, 2012
*error patterns (i.e., phonological patterns)
—systematic sound changes or simplifications that affect a class of sounds (e.g., fricatives), sequences of sounds (e.g., consonant clusters), or syllable structures (e.g., complex syllable structures or multisyllabic words.
source from:
◎ how Intelligible is the child's speech?
age 2: 50% intelligible
◎構音/音韻問題之原因分析:
◎臨床語音錯誤分類 (Articulation errors):
◎音韻歷程( Phonology processes):
*Assimilation
*Feature contrast or substitution processes
-Affrication：a stopping component is added to a continue consonant.
-Deaffrication：is the process of replacing an affrication with deaffrication.
-Palatalization：a sound is produced as a palate rather than a nonpalatal.
-Depalatalization：a sound is produced as a nonpalate rather than a palatal.
-Gliding：use a glide (/w,j/) for anther consonant (frequently /r, l/).
-Vocalization/vowelization：a vowel is substituted for a syllabic consonant.
-Denasalization：a nasal is replaced by a nonnasal sound.
-Neutralization：several different phonemes are replaced by one sound.
.......
source from: Book : Clinical Management of Articulatory and Phonologic Disorders
chapter3 Phonological system and development
構音異常 V.S. 音韻異常(articulation v.s.phonology disorder)
* articulation errors
—relatively consistent errors, with preserved phonemic contrasts (e.g., /l/ and /r/ are consistently distorted, but clearly different from one another; Bauman-Waengler, 2012
*error patterns (i.e., phonological patterns)
—systematic sound changes or simplifications that affect a class of sounds (e.g., fricatives), sequences of sounds (e.g., consonant clusters), or syllable structures (e.g., complex syllable structures or multisyllabic words.
source from:
◎ how Intelligible is the child's speech?
age 2: 50% intelligible
age 2.5: 50-70% intelligible
age 3: 70% intelligible
age 4: an array of consonants is mastered
age 5: many consonant sounds are used consistently and accurately
◎構音/音韻問題之原因分析:
- 聽力: 聽力檢查(詢問醫療史)/觀察對環境聲音的反應
-口腔動作:構造/生理
-音韻歷程:結構歷程/替代歷程(位置/方法)/同化歷程
-動作計畫:apraxia
-語言能力↓
◎臨床語音錯誤分類 (Articulation errors):
-Omission(省略)
-Substitution(替代)
-Distortion(扭曲)
-Addition(添加)
◎音韻歷程( Phonology processes):
*Assimilation
*Feature contrast or substitution processes
-Stopping：it as substitute of stops for fricative.
-Fronting：the replacement of target phoneme with anther phoneme that is articulated anteriorly to the target sound.
-Backing：the replacement of target phoneme with anther phoneme that is articulated posteriorly to the target sound.-Affrication：a stopping component is added to a continue consonant.
-Deaffrication：is the process of replacing an affrication with deaffrication.
-Palatalization：a sound is produced as a palate rather than a nonpalatal.
-Depalatalization：a sound is produced as a nonpalate rather than a palatal.
-Gliding：use a glide (/w,j/) for anther consonant (frequently /r, l/).
-Vocalization/vowelization：a vowel is substituted for a syllabic consonant.
-Denasalization：a nasal is replaced by a nonnasal sound.
-Neutralization：several different phonemes are replaced by one sound.
.......
source from: Book : Clinical Management of Articulatory and Phonologic Disorders
chapter3 Phonological system and development
作者：Mary Ellen Gordon-Brannan，Curtis E. Weiss
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