此為2017/09 , ASHA期刊之研究
在探討
”執行功能對於有口吃或是無口及兒童在語音過程之影響”
藉由測量口吃者在執行語音相關的目標作業的過程中並給予干擾刺激時,
其表現為何?
Abstracts
Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate dual-task performance in children who stutter (CWS) and those who do not to investigate if the groups differed in the ability to attend and allocate cognitive resources effectively during task performance.
Method Participants were 24 children (12 CWS) in both groups matched for age and sex. For the primary task, participants performed a phoneme monitoring in a picture–written word interference task. For the secondary task, participants made pitch judgments on tones presented at varying (short, long) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) from the onset of the picture.
Results The CWS were comparable to the children who do not stutter in performing the monitoring task although the SOA-based performance differences in this task were more variable in the CWS. The CWS were also significantly slower in making tone decisions at the short SOA and showed a trend for making more errors in this task.
Conclusions The findings are interpreted to suggest higher dual-task cost effects in CWS. A potential explanation for this finding requiring further testing and confirmation is that the CWS show reduced efficiency in attending to the tone stimuli while simultaneously prioritizing attention to the phoneme-monitoring task.
摘要
目的:探討有口吃和沒有口吃兒童在執行雙重作業時,在認知資源的參與及分配是否有所差異.
方法:研究對象共有24位兒童,而口吃組和沒有口吃組各12位.同時在性別及年齡均有配對.
在執行主要作業,受試者在圖像寫作干擾時進行音素的監控,在執行第二作業,受試者進行音調的判斷,同時給予不同的間隔時長之刺激圖片呈現.
結果:比較口吃兒童與沒有口吃兒童在執行監控作業的表現,即使有口吃組兒童在SOA作業有較多的變異.口吃兒童組在較短的SOA中判斷音調的表現顯著較慢且顯示有較多的錯誤.
結論:研究發現有口吃的兒童在執行雙重作業時受到較高的影響,需要進一步測試及確認的是,口吃兒童在進行音調判斷並加上音素監控作業時,則在專注於音調處理上的表現降低.
* 補充資料
What is Stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA)?
SOA is a measure used in experimental psychology. SOA denotes the amount of time between the start of one stimulus, S1, and the start of another stimulus, S2 (Figure 1) (心理學實驗中常用的一種方式.指當給予刺激1時到給予刺激2之間的時間)
In this respect, a stimulus may consist of, e.g., a presented image, sound or printed word. (給予的刺激可以是 圖片,聲音,印刷文字)
A short time interval between S1 and S2 may lead to interference in the neural processing of these two patterns. Conversely, a very long SOA may lead to a situation where the brain activity caused by S1 may have faded, such that S2 has become an isolated event. (若S1和S2間距(SOA)為短的,則可能會干擾處理這兩種神經模式的情形,相反地,如果是一個很長的SOA,則可會導致S1引起的大腦反應消失,那S2則可視為一種獨立事件)
Typical research questions concern the facilitation, deterioration, or biasing effects of the sequential stimulus presentation on a required later response.(典型的研究問題涉及促發,惡化,偏誤而影響後面需要的反應之影響)
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